Pyotr Verzilov, an activist with Russian protest group Pussy Riot, is reported to have been taken to hospital in a serious condition.
Relatives speaking to the Meduza website said they believed he may have suffered poisoning but there is no official word on his condition.
He reportedly fell ill after a court hearing on Tuesday for fellow Pussy Riot activist Veronika Nikulshina.
Mr Verzilov was one of the activists who invaded the World Cup final pitch.
The story of Pussy Riot’s 2012 jailing
Ms Nikulshina told Meduza that Mr Verzilov had complained of losing his sight, “then the ability to talk, then the ability to walk”.
Image copyright Reuters Image caption Croatia’s Dejan Lovren squared up to Mr Verzilov during the World Cup pitch invasion in July
Meduza said Mr Verzilov was in the toxicology department of a hospital in Moscow’s Sokolniki district.
It said Mr Verzilov’s mother had not been allowed to see her son.
Mr Verzilov, who also holds Canadian citizenship, was part of the Voina performance art group with Ms Tolokonnikova before it split in 2009 and then acted as spokesperson for Pussy Riot during the 2012 trial.
He was jailed for 15 days this year along with three women activists after invading football’s World Cup final in Moscow on 15 July wearing police uniforms.
How Pussy Riot managed to burst into final
They said the action, under the name of Pussy Riot, was a protest against human rights abuses in Russia.